(86) 香港玉鳳花
Habenaria coultousii Barretto
蘭科 (Orchidaceae)

英文名 (English name): Hongkong Habenaria

中國境內現狀：極危 (CR)
Status in China: Critically Endangered (CR)

形態特徵：地生蘭，株高15-45釐米，具長圓形肉質塊莖。葉披針形或卵狀披針形，長2.5-5.2厘米，寬8-12毫米，邊緣膜質，基部收狹成抱莖的鞘。總狀花序有花2-8朵，花綠白色；中萼片狹卵形，長8-9毫米，極凹陷，側萼片反折；花瓣白色，斜卵形，長9-11毫米，2深裂，裂片不等大；唇瓣淡綠色，長9-12毫米，基部3深裂，花瓣與唇瓣的裂片邊緣無毛，距紡錘狀圓柱形，長22-24毫米；蕊柱綠白色，凹陷，兩側有2枚退化雄蕊。蒴果具棱。

地理分布：香港特有種，見於大潭郊野公園。

生境與生態：生於海拔約300米的山坡或溝谷林下。花期：10月。

本種是稀有種，首次於1978年在香港島紫羅蘭山發現。其分布點在郊野公園內，生境受到保護。本種也受《林務規例》(香港法例第96章附例) 及《動植物(瀕危物種保護)條例》(香港法例第187章)保護。

Description: Terrestrial orchids, 15-45 cm tall, with oblong fleshy rhizomes. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5.2 cm long and 8-12 mm wide, margin membranous, sheathing and stem-clasping at base. Racemes 2-8-flowered. Flowers green-white; dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, 8-9 mm long, very concave; lateral sepals reflexed. Petals white, oblique-ovate, 9-11 mm long, bilobed; lobes unequal, lip greenish, 9-12 mm long, 3-lobed at base, margins of petals and lip glabrous; spur spindle-cylindric, 22-24 mm long; column green-white, concave, with 2 staminodes on both sides. Capsule angulate.

Distribution: Endemic to Hong Kong, only known from Tai Tam Country Park.

Habitat and Ecology: In forests on slopes or in valleys, alt. ca. 300 m. Flowering: Oct.

A rare species, first discovered in 1978 from Mount Violet. The localities of its occurrence are in Country Parks under protection. This species is also protected by the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.) and the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap. 187).

參考文獻 (References)：
Barretto, G.D. 1981: Orchidian 7(1): 10. Fig. 1.
郎楷永, 1999：中國植物誌17：450。科學出版社，北京。