(7) 黑桫欏
Gymnosphaera podophylla (Hook.) Copel.
桫欏科(Cyatheaceae)

英文名 (English name): Black Tree fern

中國境內現狀: 易危 (VU)。國家二級保護野生植物。
Status in China: Vulnerable (VU). Wild plant under State protection (category II).

形態特徵：樹形蕨類植物，高可達1-3米。葉簇生；葉柄栗褐色至暗紫紅色，基部有褐棕色、線狀披針形鱗片；葉片長2-3米，二回羽狀深裂；羽片多數，互生，有柄，長圓狀披針形，長達60厘米；小羽片約20對，互生，線狀披針形，頂端尾狀漸尖，基部截形，有短柄，邊緣有疏鈍鋸齒或波狀圓齒。葉脈羽狀，小脈3-4對成1組。孢子囊群圓形，沿中脈兩側各排成2-3行，無囊群蓋。

地理分布：香港島、城門和飛鵝山。廣東、廣西、雲南、浙江、福建、台灣；中南半島也有分布。

生境與生態：生於海拔300-700米的密林下、溝谷或溪邊。

黑桫欏屬植物起源古老，具有科學研究價值，本種亦適合栽培於陰濕處供觀賞。本種受《林務規例》(香港法例第96章附例) 及《動植物(瀕危物種保護)條例》(香港法例第187章)保護。

Description: Tree-ferns. Trunk quite short or sometimes 1-3 m tall. Leaves tufted; stipes chestnut brown to dark reddish brown, with linear-lanceolate brown scales at base; lamina 2-3 m long, bipinnate except the pinnatifid apex; pinnae numerous, alternate, stipitate, oblong-lanceolate, to 60 cm long; pinnules about 20 pairs, alternate linear-lanceolate, usually 10-15 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm wide, apex caudate-acuminate, truncate at base, short-stipitate, margin sparsely serrate or undulate-crenate; veins pinnate, veinlets 3-4 pairs in a group. Sori hemispheroid, in 2-3 series on each side along the costules, without indusium.

Distribution: Hong Kong Island, Shing Mun and Kowloon Peak (Fei Ngo Shan). Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan; Indochina.

Habitat and Ecology: Thick forests of valleys or by streamsides, alt. 300-700m.

It is a primitive tree-fern of value in scientific research, and also can be used as an ornamental plant for growing in sheltered places. This species is protected by the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.) and the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap. 187).

參考文獻 (References)：
夏群，1989: 中國桫欏科植物的分類。 植物分類學報27(1):11。
Edie, H. H., 1977: Ferns of Hong Kong, 85. Hong Kong Univ. Press, Hong Kong.
So, M.L., 1994: Hong Kong Ferns, 46. The Urban Council, Hong Kong.