(44) 香港鳳仙
Impatiens hongkongensis Grey-Wilson
鳳仙花科(Balsiminaceae)

英文名 (English name) : Hong Kong Balsam

中國境內現狀：瀕危 (EN)
Status in China: Endangered (EN)

形態特徵：多年生草本，高60厘米，全株無毛。葉互生，橢圓形至橢圓狀披針形，長8-11.5厘米，寬2.5-5.5厘米，基部楔形，頂端漸尖，邊緣具淺圓齒。葉柄長0.8-2.7厘米。總狀花序疏鬆，具4-7花，總花梗長3.7-6.6厘米；花梗纖細，長2.1-3.4厘米。花淡黃色，喉部膨大，具紅色或紫紅色斑點；唇瓣囊狀，長1.7-2.4厘米，基部收縮成內彎、長1.5-2厘米的距；旗瓣半僧帽狀，寬卵形至半圓形，長1-1.3厘米，寬1.2-1.4厘米，背面有龍骨狀突起；翼瓣長2.7-3厘米，上裂片長約為下裂片的1/3，長圓狀倒卵形，下裂片倒卵狀匙形，長1.8-2.1厘米，寬0.9-1.2厘米。果棒狀，長約1.5厘米，寬0.4厘米。

地理分布:大埔滘、梧桐寨、元墩下。廣東(深圳)。

生境與生態：生於山谷、河邊潮濕地，海拔150-210米。

本種花大，淡黃色，極具觀賞價值，1925年在大埔首次發現，並於1979年發表為新種。 對於研究本港乃至中國植物區系均有一定的科學價值。它的分布區面積小，種群個體少。大部分生長地點均位於郊野公園及特別地區內而受到保護。本種也受《林務規例》(香港法例第96章附例)保護。

Description: Perennial herb to 60 cm tall, glabrous. Leaves alternate, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-11.5 cm long, 2.5-5.5 cm wide, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margin very shallowly crenate. Petioles 0.8-2.7 cm long. Racemes loose, 4-7-flowered; peduncle 3.7-6.6 cm long; pedicels slender, 2.1-3.4 cm long. Flowers pale yellow, with red or reddish-purple blotches at throat; lower sepal saccate, 1.7-2.4 cm long, base abruptly constricted into an incurved, 1.5-2 cm long spur; dorsal petal semi-cucullate, broadly ovate or semi-orbicular, 1-1.3 cm long, 1.2-1.4 cm wide, with a shallow crest on dorsal surface; lateral united petals 2.7-3 cm long, the upper petal of each pair about one-third the size of the lower; upper petal oblong-obovate, c. 0.9 cm long, 0.45 cm wide, lower petal obovate-spathulate, 1.8-2.1 cm long, 0.9-1.2 cm wide. Fruit clavate, c. 1.5 cm long, 0.4 cm wide.

Distribution: Tai Po Kau, Ng Tung Chai, Yuen Tun Ha; Guangdong(Shenzhen).

Habitat and ecology: On wet places by streamsides and in ravines, alt. 150-210m.

The large yellow flowers make the plant an attractive ornamental. The species, first discovered at Tai Po in 1925 and described as a new species in 1979, is of special botanical interests. Its distribution area and population size are small; in Hong Kong, most localities of its occurrence are within Country Parks and Special Areas under protection. The species has been listed under the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.).

參考文獻(References)
Grey-Wilson, C., 1979: A new species of Impatiens (Balsamiaceae) from Hong Kong. Kew Bull. 33(4): 551-553.
陳藝林，2001：中國植物誌47（2）：42。科學出版社，北京。