(30) 羊乳
Codonopsis lanceolata（Sleb.＆ Zucc.）Trautv.
桔梗科（Campanulaceae）

英文名 (English name): Lance Asiabell

中國境內現狀：需予關注（LC）
Status in China： Least Concern（LC）

形態特徵：多年生草質藤本，全體無毛，有乳汁。主根紡錘形，長10－20厘米，直徑1.4厘米。主莖上葉小，互生，枝端葉2－4枚對生或輪生，菱狀卵形。窄卵形或橢圓形，長3－10厘米，寬1.3－4.5厘米，先端銳尖或鈍，基部楔形，全緣或具梳鋸齒：葉柄長1－5毫米。花單朵或成對生於枝端；花硬長1－9厘米；萼筒長約1厘米，貼生至於房中部，裂片5，卵狀三角形，長1.3－3厘米；花冠鐘狀，長2－4厘米，直徑2－3.5厘米，裂片5，外面綠白色，內面深紫色；雄蕊5；子房半下位。果為蒴果，直徑2－2.5厘米，有多數具翅的種子。

地理分布：馬鞍山。華南、華東、華中至東北。俄羅斯東部、朝鮮、日本。

生境與生態：生於山坡灌叢中和林緣。花期8－9月。

本種根可供藥用。香港是本種分布區的最南端，居群小，個體少。因其生長地點多在郊野公園內而已受到保護。

Description: Perennial herbaceous vines, with milky juice, glabrous throughout. Tap root fusiform, 10-20 cm long, 1-4 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate on main stem, small, 2-4 opposite or in a whole on apex of branches; blade rhombic-ovate, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 3-10 cm long and 1.3-4.5 cm wide, apex acute or obtuse, base cuneate, entire or remotely serrate; petiole 1-5 mm long. Flowers solitary or in pairs terminal on branches; pedicels 1-9 cm long; calyx-tube ca. 1 mm long, adnate to middle of ovary, lobes 5,ovate-triangular, 1.3-3 cm long; corolla bell-shaped, 2-4 cm long, 2-3.5 in diam., 5 lobed, greenish yellow outside, dark purple inside; stamens 5; ovary half-inferior. Fruit a capsule, 2-2.5 cm in diam., with numerous winged seeds.

Distribution: Ma On Shan. S,E,C and NE China. E Russia, Korea, Japan.

Habitat and ecology: In thin thickets on slopes and on margin of forest. Flowering: Aug.-Sept.

Roots of this species can be used as medicine. In Hong Kong, the southernmost extension of its distribution range, its population size and number of individuals of the species are small, but most of the localities of occurrence are in Country Park under protection.

參考文獻（References）:
中國科學院植物研究所，1975: 中國高等植物圖鑒4：383，圖6180。科學出版社，北京。
洪德元，1983: 桔梗科，中國植物誌73（2）：37。科學出版社，北京。
莊兆祥、李甯漢(主編), 1986: 香港中草藥 5: 168-169。商務印書館，香港。