(29) 吊皮錐
Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata
殼斗科 (Fagaceae)

英文名 (English name): Green's Chestnut

中國境內現狀：易危 (VU)。已載入《中國植物紅皮書》和《廣東省珍稀瀕危植物圖譜》。
Status in China: Vulnerable (VU). Recorded in China Plant Red Data Book and Illustration of Rare & endangered plant in Guangdong Province.

形態特徵：常綠喬木，小枝無毛。葉革質，卵形至披針形，長7-12厘米，寬2.5-4.5厘米，全緣，很少近頂端有1-3小齒，兩面無毛；側脈8-15對。雌花序長5-10厘米，花序軸無毛；殼斗球形，直徑6-8厘米，成熟時4或5裂，外面密被分枝的的針刺。堅果每殼斗內1顆，扁圓錐形，1.2-1.5 × 1.7-2厘米，密生棕黃色絨毛。

地理分布：本港僅見於烏蛟騰，數量甚少，也星散分布於台灣東部、福建中部至江西南部和廣東乳源、連山、封開以南部分地區。

生境與生態：生長於丘陵山地常綠闊葉林中，在本港主要生長於風水林中。花期：3-4月；果期：8-12月。

本種間斷分布於台灣和中國大陸，並與產於加里曼丹的種類親緣密切，具有科學研究價值；堅果大，含豐富澱粉質，味甜美，可供食用；木材堅硬耐腐，為優良的家具用材。本種分布星散，個體少，其堅果多被齧齒類動物和鳥類覓食，自然更新困難，林中幼苗少見。在香港因生長地點在郊野公園之內而受到保護。

Description: Evergreen trees; branchlets glabrous. Leaves leathery, ovate to lanceolate, 7-12 cm long and 2.5-4.5 cm wide, margin entire or rarely 1-3-toothed near apex, glabrous; lateral nerves 8-15 pairs. Female inflorescence 5-10 cm long; rachis glabrous. Cupule globose, 6-8 cm in diam., splitting into 4 or 5 segments, covered with clustered branching prickles. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate, 1.2.-1.5 × 1.7-2 cm, densely yellowish brown puberulent.

Distribution: Restricted to Wu Kau Tang. SE Guangxi, N Guangdong, S Jiangxi, S Fujian, C Taiwan.

Habitat and Ecology: In broadleaved evergreen forest and fung shui woods. Flowering: Mar.-Apr.; fruiting: Aug.-Oct.

The species has a discontinuous distribution range and it is closely related to Castanopsis borneensis King from Kalimantan and is thus of great scientific interests. The large nuts are rich in starch and edible; wood is hard, suitable for making furniture. Because the natural population is now small, it is under inbreeding depression. The nuts are often damaged and consumed by rodents and birds, therefore very few seedlings can be found on forest floor. In Hong Kong, the locality of its occurrence is in Country Park under protection.

參考文獻 (References):
中國科學院植物研究所，1972：中國高等植物圖鑒1：423。圖845。科學出版社，北京。
傅立國等，1992：中國植物紅皮書 296。科學出版社，北京。
陳煥鏞、黃成就，1999：中國植物誌22：26。圖版5：1-4。科學出版社，北京。