28) 華南錐（毛葉栲栗）
Castanopsis concinna (Champ. ex Benth.) A.DC.
殼斗科 (Fagaceae)

英文名 (English name): Hairy Chestnut

中國境內現狀: 易危 (VU)。 國家二級保護野生植物。已載入《中國植物紅皮書》和《廣東省珍稀瀕危植物圖譜》。
Status in China： Vulnerable (VU). Wild plant under State protection (category II). Recorded in China Plant Red Data Book and Illustration of Rare & endangered plant in Guangdong Province.

形態特徵：常綠喬木，高可達20米；小枝和葉背面被短絨毛。葉革質，長橢圓形或長圓狀披針形，長5-10厘米，寬1.5-3.5厘米，全緣或近先端有稀疏鋸齒。果序長4-8厘米；殼斗球形，外面遍佈長1-1.5厘米的刺，熟後4瓣裂，內含堅果1個；堅果扁圓錐形，橫徑約1.4厘米，高約1厘米，密被短伏毛。
　　

地理分布：深水灣、大圍、大帽山。廣西防城，廣東信宜、陽春、陽江、廣寧等地亦有少量分布。
　　

生境與生態：生長於丘陵坡地常綠闊葉林中。花期：4-5月；果期：次年9-10月。
　　

本種是中國特有種。木材堅重，心材紅褐色，質優色艷，是優良建築和傢具用材；堅果含澱粉，味美可食，有板栗風味。本種在內地曾遭受過度砍伐，目前大樹已很稀少；堅果多被齧齒類動物覓食和多種昆蟲蛀食，自然更新困難，幼苗少見。在香港，部分生長點位於郊野公園內而受到保護。城門標本林有栽培。

Description: Evergreen trees, up to 20 m high; branchlets and abaxial surface of leaves yellowish brown tomentose. Leaves leathery, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 cm long and 1.5-3.5 cm wide, margin entire or sparsely serrulate near apex. Infructescences 4-8 cm long. Cupule globose, 5-6 cm in diam., splitting into 4 regular segments, densely covered with clustered branching prickles. Nut 1 per cupule, depressed-globular, ca. 1 cm long, 1.4 cm in diam., densely pubesscent.

Distribution: Deep Water Bay, Tai Wai, Tai Mo Shan. E Guangxi and W Guangdong.

Habitat and Ecology: In evergreen forest. Flowering: April-May; fruiting: Sept.-Oct. of the following year.
　　

The species is endemic species of China; its wood is hard, heavy and with beautiful colour and grains, which is greatly valued for furniture-making. Nuts, with the flavour of chestnut, are edible. The plants were logged elsewhere for its excellent timber. Its nuts are often damaged and consumed by insects and rodents. As a result, very few seedlings of the species can be seen and its regeneration is very poor. In Hong Kong, some localities of its wild occurrence are within Country Parks under protection. Living specimen are displayed in the Shing Mun Arboretum.

參考文獻 (References):
傅立國，1992：中國植物紅皮書 1：294。科學出版社，北京。
陳煥鏞、黃成就，1998：中國植物誌22：30，圖版5：5-7。科學出版社，北京。
Bentham, G., 1861: Flora Hongkongensis 319. Reeves, London.
Champion, J.G., 1854: Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 6: 115.