(24) 匙葉黃楊
Buxus harlandii Hance
黃楊科 (Buxaceae)

英文名 (English name): Harland's Box

中國境內現狀：瀕危 (VU)
Status in China: Vulnerable (VU)

形態特徵: 常綠小灌木，高可達1米。葉對生；葉柄極短或近於無；葉片革質，匙形或有時狹長圓形，長2-4厘米，寬5-9毫米，頂端圓形或鈍，常微凹，基部漸狹，邊緣稍反卷，上面深綠色，有光澤，下面淡綠色，側脈不明顯。花單性，無花瓣，雌雄同株，組成腋生或頂生的頭狀花簇。雄花生於花序下方，萼片4，闊卵形或闊橢圓形，長約2毫米；雄蕊與萼片同數並與其對生。雌花生於花序頂端，萼片6，闊卵形，長約2毫米；子房無毛，花柱3，柱頭下延。蒴果近球形，直徑約7毫米，無毛。

地理分布：大潭篤、烏蛟騰。海南、廣東東部沿海地區。

生態與生境：生於溪邊和疏林中。花期：夏初。

本種於1858年在香港島大潭篤首次發現。葉濃綠，株形美麗，由於適合庭園栽培或作盆景，有較高的觀賞價值，在香港以外地區或遭受過度採挖。在香港其生長地點在郊野公園內而受到保護。可嘗試採種育苗，進行遷地保育。

Description: Evergreen small shrubs, up to 1 m high. Leaves opposite; petiole very short or almost obsolete; leaf blade leathery, spathulate or occasionally narrowly oblong, 2-4 cm long and 5-9 mm wide, apex rounded or obtuse, usually slightly emarginate, tapering to the base, margin slightly revolute, dark green and shiny above, light green beneath, veins obscure. Plant monoecious. Flowers unisexual, apetalous, in axillary or terminal clusters. Staminate flowers on the lower part of flower-cluster; sepals 4, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, ca. 3 mm long; stamens as many as and opposite sepals. Pistillate flowers terminal; sepals 6, broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm long. Ovary superior, glabrous; styles 3, stigma decurrent on inner side of style. Capsules subglobose, ca. 7 mm in diameter, glabrous.

Distribution: Restricted to Tai Tam Tuk, Wu Kau Tang. E Guangdong.

Habitat and Ecology: On banks of streams and in thin forest. Flowering: early summer.

This species was first discovered in Tai Tam Tuk, Hong Kong Island, in 1858. The dwarf and much branching habit together with its dark green leaves make the plant very suitable for bonsai. The plant has been over-collected elsewhere for cultivation as ornamental plants. In Hong Kong, the locality of its occurrence is within Country Park under protection. Ex-situ conservation could be explored.

參考文獻 (References):
鄭勉，1980: 中國植物誌，44(1): 33, 圖版9:9-14。科學出版社，北京。
羅獻瑞，1995：廣東植物誌3：233。廣東科技出版社，廣州。
Hance, H.F., 1873: Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 13: 123-124.