(18) 香港馬兜鈴
Aristolochia westlandii Hemsl.
馬兜鈴科(Aristolochiaceae)

英文名 (English name): Westland's Birthwort

中國境內現狀：極危 (CR)
Status in China: Critically Endangered (CR)

形態特徵: 木質藤本；嫩枝被短柔毛。葉革質或紙質，狹長披針形或長橢圓形，長12-20厘米，寬3-5厘米，頂端短尖，下部收狹，基部深心形或狹耳形；葉柄長約1厘米，常彎扭，稍被毛。總狀花序生於老莖近基部或枝下部葉腋，通常僅一朵發育；花有腐肉臭味；花梗長7-12厘米，向下彎垂；花被外面密被褐色絲質長柔毛，管中部急劇彎曲；簷部盤狀，直徑8-13厘米，3淺裂，黃白色或灰黃色而有紫色網紋，近中部常有深紫色斑點；喉部暗紫色，半圓形，直徑約1.5厘米；子房圓柱形，長約1.5厘米；合蕊柱3裂。

地理分布：大帽山。雲南。
　　

生境與生態：生於海拔300-800米的山谷林中。花期3-4月。
　　

本種花大，具觀賞價值。模式標本採自香港，首次約於1880年在大帽山發現。該種生長地點位於大帽山郊野公園，但種群個體數量少，可嘗試採種育苗及作遷地保護。

Description: Woody vines, usually scrambling on trees. Young branches pubescent, slender. Leaves leathery to papery, narrowly lanceolate or long-elliptic, 12-20 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, apex acute, base narrowed and auriculate; petioles c. 1 cm long, usually twisted, slightly hairy. Flowers in axillary racemes, usually only one flower developed, yellowish-or grayish-white, with purplish red reticulate nerves, with a putrid smell; pedicels 7-12 cm long, pendulous; perianth densely silky villose outside; tube of perianth geniculately curved at middle, limb nearly plate-shaped, 8-13 cm in diam., 3-lobed; throat dark purple, suborbicular, about 1.5 cm in diam.; ovary cylindrical, c. 1.5 cm long; gynostemium 3-lobed.
　　

Distribution: Tai Mo Shan. Yunnan.
　　

Habitat and ecology: In forest of ravines at alt. 300-800 m. Flowering: Mar.-Apr.
　　

This species is a very attractive ornamental plant with colourful and strange-shaped flowers. Its type specimen was collected in Hong Kong from Tai Mo Shan around 1880. The natural populations are very small, but in Hong Kong the localities of its occurrence are within Tai Mo Shan Country Park under protection. Ex-situ conservation measures could be explored.

參考文獻(References)
黃淑美，1987：廣東植物誌1：54。廣東科技出版社，廣州。
黃淑美，1988：中國植物誌24：217，圖版51：1-3。 科學出版社，北京。